田静语法中心语法及长难句解析英语一…来自考研的酵母君-微博(田静语法课笔记)缩略图

田静语法中心语法及长难句解析英语一…来自考研的酵母君-微博(田静语法课笔记)

??  英语的根柢语序是“主语+谓语”,这种语序称为陈述句语序或天然语序(normal word order),假定把谓语的悉数或一有些置于主语之前,就称为倒装语序(inverted word order),当谓语悉数置于主语之前,称为悉数倒装(full inversion);当谓语一有些(如助动词或神态动词)置于主语之前,称为有些倒装(partial inversion)。

  一、悉数倒装

  (一)there be句型

  有时一些标明存在意义的不及物动词也可用于该句型,如:stand, lie, exist, live, remain, appear, come, happen, occur, rise等。

  例句: generally, there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. (选自2007年use of english)

  分析: 该句是复合句,其间a belief与that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states互为同位语联络,描述词短语large enough to be…作定语润饰states。

  译文: 他们广泛认为重生的国家是具有主权和完全独立的国家,大到经济上可运转杰出,并由一套一起法令让各个新的独立国家联合起来。

  例句: there stands a monument to lin zexu at the center of the square, which attracts a great many of visitors all the year round.

  分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句which attracts a great many of…润饰a monument。

  译文: 广场中心矗立着林则徐留念碑,每年招引着不计其数的游客。

  (二)here, there等词置于句首

  here, there, now, then, thus, hence置于句首而主语不是人称代词时,主谓倒装;假定主语是人称代词或非人称代词,主谓不倒装。

  例句: it is so late, and now is the hour when we must say good??bye.

  分析: 该句是并排句。

  译文: 太晚了,是该说再会的时分了。

  例句: ——where is the report of urban plan made by the committee?

  ——there it is.

  分析: 上下句同为简略句。

  译文: ——委员会所做的城市方案放哪儿了?

  ——在这儿。

  例句: here is an example, which i heard at a nurses?? convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.

  (选自2002年text 1)

  分析: 该句是复合句,which i heard at a nurses?? convention和which works well一起润饰story。

  译文: 举个比方,在一次护士大会上,我听到了一个作用很抱负的诙谐故事,因为听众都对医生持有相同的观点。

 (三)标明方向、地址的状语置于句首

  up, down, away, here, in, out, off等置于句首时,需要悉数倒装。

  例句: following the roar out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.

  分析: 该句是简略句。

  译文: 一声吼叫往后,一只猛虎从森林中蹿了出来。

  例句: in came a number of boys and girls talking and laughing.

  分析: 该句是简略句,talking and laughing在句中作伴随状语。

  译文: 一群孩子边说边笑走了进来。

  (四)作表语的描述词或分词置于句首

  例句: present at the press conference were director and general manager of the shenzhen??based enterprise.

  分析: 该句是简略句。

  译文: 到会记者款待会的是总部设在深圳的公司董事长和总司理。

  例句: lying unconsciously under the tree was an old man aged 75.

  分析: 该句是简略句,aged 75润饰an old man,作后置定语。

  译文: 一位75岁高龄的老人躺在树下,现已昏倒不醒。

  二、有些倒装

  (一)否定词或具有(半)否定意义的词或词组置于句首作状语

  如:never, scarcely, hardly, rarely, seldom, little, no sooner…than, hardly…when,scarcely…when (before), not only, in no case (in no way, at no time, on no account, by no means,under no circumstances,in no respects)(决不,在任何情况下都不), no longer/no more (不再)。

  例句: television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in europe. (2005年第46题)

  分析: 该句是复合句,and前是一复合句,定语从句by which…润饰the means,后一分句中never置于句首致使倒装。

  译文: 电视是制造和表达这些心境的方法之一,在加强不一样民族和国家之间的联络方面,电视或许还历来没有像在欧洲事务中那样起过如此大的作用。

  例句: not only is there a wide range of prices for goods in america, there is also a wide range in the quality of goods offered for sale.

  分析: 该句是并排句。

  译文: 美国产品不只价格改变很大,而且供出售的产质量量也有很大不一样。

  例句: under no circumstance should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of both the people and the state.

  分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句that will benefit…both and the state润饰anything, under no circumstance置于句首致使倒装。

  译文: 在任何情况下,咱们都不该只为了自个的利益而不吝损害祖国和公民的利益。 (二)only+副词/介词短语/状语从句(句首状语由only润饰)

  例句: only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. (选自2004年part b)

  分析: 该句是复合句,that were very different from their own是润饰languages的定语从句。

  译文: 直到迩来,言语学家才初步细心研讨与他们自个所掌控的完全不一样的言语。

  例句: only when you have been absorbed in the study can yo
田静语法中心语法及长难句解析英语一…来自考研的酵母君-微博(田静语法课笔记)插图
u reach an idea whether it is impossible or not to complete it on time.

  分析: 该句是复合句,an idea与whether it is impossible or not to complete it on time是同位语联络,only置于状语从句之前致使倒装。

  译文: 只需当你全身心投入该研讨中时,你才干得知能否准时结束。

  例句: only gradually was the by??product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.

  (2009年第47题)

  分析: 该句是由and联接的两个并排简略句,两个分句都是以only最初的倒装句,在前一分句中,骨干有些是the by??product of the institution was noted, only gradually润饰noted;在后一分句中,骨干是this effect was considered…, 其间only more gradually润饰considered, as a directive factor作主语this effect的补足语,介词短语in the conduct of the institution作directive factor的后置定语。

  译文: 我们只是逐步地知道到准则这一副产品,而在运转这种准则的进程中,知道到这种作用具有辅导性作用的时刻则愈加缓慢。

  (三)条件从句中省掉if

  在虚拟口气中,条件从句if省掉时,倒装到主语前的是助动词should, had和系动词were。

  例句: were the times co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that it could dramatically transform a family??run enterprise that still gets 90% of its revenues from newspapers. (1999年第13题)

  分析: 该句是复合句,were the times co. to purchase是一省掉if的倒装句,that it could dramatically…enterprise是doubt的同位语,而that still gets 90% of its revenues from newspapers是润饰enterprise的定语从句。

  译文: 假守年代公司要收购另一家干流媒体公司的话,那照常靠报纸获得90%收入的家族式公司的方法必定会遭到它雷厉盛行的变革。

  例句: had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (1998年第10题)

  分析: 该句是复合句,had it not been…是一个省掉if的倒装从句,整个语句标明混合式虚拟口气,主句标明与如今相反假定,从句标明与曩昔相反假定。

  译文: 要不是大众及时出资,咱们公司不会像如今这么昌盛。

  (四)其他有些倒装情况

  标明前面陈述的情况合适于后者,前面是必定句,后边用so引导;前面是不是定句,后边用neither或nor引导,省掉倒装句中的助动词在时态和语态方法上与前面语句坚持共同。

  例句: nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday??s “baby boom” generation reached its child??bearing years.

  (选自1998年text 4)

  分析: 该句是复合句,as引导一缘由状语从句,and so did…是省掉了相同成分的倒装句。

  译文: 接二连三的移民潮,还有当年“生育顶峰”时期出世的孩子现已到了生育年纪,这些要素也起了作用。

  例句: americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the english with skill and gift. nor do they aspire to such command themselves. (选自2005年text 4)

  分析: 该句是由nor引导的并排句。whether in speech or in writing的无缺方法是whether they are in speech or in writing,标明让步;介词短语with skill and gift在句中作状语润饰动词command。

  译文: 美国人不再期望大世人物在讲演或写作时可以熟练地运用技巧和文采来掌控英语,而我们本身也不这样需求自个。

  (五)so…that规划

  so…that规划中,“so+状语”位于句首表偏重时,运用倒装。

  例句: so much does he worry about his parents that he can??t sleep well at night.

  分析: 该句是复合句,that he can??t sleep well at night是一成果状语从句,so much置于句首致使倒装。

  译文: 他特别忧虑父母,致使于晚上难以入眠。

  例句: so involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.

  (2001年第6题)

  分析: 该句是复合句,that leaders at summer computer camps…是一成果状语从句,so involved with…置于句首致使倒装。

  译文: 孩子们对电脑如此入神,致使于电脑夏令营的组织者们不得不强逼他们停下来做一些体育运动和游戏。(六)not until置于句首

  not until置于句首时,连词until引导的从句主谓不倒装,但主句的主谓规划有必要倒装。

  例句: not until you return those books to the library immediately will you have to pay a fine.

  分析: 该句是复合句。因为not until置于句首,主句will you have to pay a fine是一倒装句。

  译文: 只需及时还书给图书馆,你才不会受罚。

  例句: not until an infant hedgehog open its eyes does it leave its nest to follow its mother about.

  分析: 该句是复合句。

  译文: 小刺猬一张开眼就脱离窟窿,步步不离地跟在母亲周围。

 (七)下列几类副词或介词短语作状语置于句首表偏重

  频度副词:often, always, many a time, every day, now and then等;

  方法副词:gladly, sadly, well, with every justification,with good reason等;

  表程度的副词或介词短语:especially, to such length(s), to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes。

  例句: with every justification did he explain his fault in the exam held by school.

  分析: 该句是简略句,with every justification置于句首致使倒装。

  译文: 他以种种托言说明他在学校举办的考试中所犯的差错。

  例句: to such a degree did he go on with his tedious speech that some of us began to yawn.

  分析: 该句是复合句,that some of us began to yawn是一成果状语从句。

  译文: 他如此滔滔舶地进行那冗长的讲演,致使于咱们中心有些人都初步欠伸连天。

  (8)as, though, no matter how, however引导的让步状语从句

  as, though引导的倒装句型为:名词(前不加a或an)/描述词/副词+as+主语+谓语,该规划可用(al)though引导的让步状语从句来替换,译为“尽管”或“尽管”。

  例句: much as i have traveled, i have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job.

  分析: 该句是复合句,其间从句much as i have traveled是一倒装句,短语“equal sb. in sth.”意为“在某方面与别人旗鼓恰当”。

  译文: 尽管我常旅行,但我从未见过任何人于任何作业能像她那样一丝不苟。

  例句: odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary??particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. (1998年第75题)

  分析: 该句是复合句,odd though it sounds是一倒装句,其间it指代cosmic inflation,介词短语in elementary??particle physics润饰ideas,that it is true在句中作convinced的宾语,另一介词短语for the better part of a decade作状语标明时刻。

  译文: 世界胀大说尽管听似独特,但它仍是根柢粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。许多天体物理学家十年来一向认为这一论说是正确的。

 (九)be+主语+其他(若其他是奇数名词作宾语,则名词前不接不定冠词a/an)

  这是一翻开式条件状语从句,归于特别倒装规划,标明泛指。该规划可用whether…or规划来替换,一起奇数名词前的不定冠词坚持不变,可译为“不管是……”。

  例句: church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they christian, islamic, buddhist, jewish, and so on. (2001年第10题)

  分析: 该句是复合句,be they…是一倒装句,恰当于whether they are…。

  译文: 咱们所运用的教堂一词,指的是一切的宗教机构,不管它们是基督教、伊斯兰教、释教或犹太教等。

  例句: in an urban society in which highly structured, fast??paced and stressful work looms large in life, experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird watching, can lead to self??renewal and a more “balanced” way of life.

  分析: 该句是复合句,骨干有些为experiences of a different nature can lead to self??renewal and a more …, 定语从句in which…looms large in life润饰society,短语loom large意为 “(赫然呈现)压在心头,挟制着,笼罩着”。

  译文: 在城市社会中,规划紧密、步骤灵敏、充溢压力的作业笼罩着我们的日子,某种不一样性质的阅历,不管是看电视仍是观鸟,都能带来自我更新和一种“平衡的”日子方法。????

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